Hi There, in answer to your questions:
1) JobRoller is a stand alone theme, and unless you plan to customize it in any way, you do not actually need to use a child theme. JobRoller works on it's own out of the box as you see it on the
JobRoller demo.
2) Yes, you can disable registration and allow only admin and/or selected users to submit jobs. In terms of preventing others from accessing the site, you could potentally look at plugins such as "Network Privacy" to prevent others being able to see listings.
3) Yes, the salary, job type, and job categories can easily be edited from the JobRoller admin as you can see here from the specific section of the
admin demo site.
4) AppThemes does not officially support third party plugins, but in general our customers have not had issues using
SEO plugins successfully such as e.g. All in one
SEO or Yoast (these would be the ones most regularly mentioned as used in the forums).
5) If you enable the job seeker registration type (or in the case of you creating logins, give them this specific type of access), then those users when logged in can submit resumes. Depending on whether or not they make it visible, it can be seen on the
resumes page. Thanks.